Impacto de la globalización y la apertura comercial en el gasto público social subnacional

María Noelia Garbero

doi:10.52292/j.estudecon.2016.723

Autores/as

María Noelia Garbero CEDLAS - FCE - Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52292/j.estudecon.2016.723

Palabras clave:

Apertura, Globalización, Estructura del gasto, Gasto social, Gobiernos subnacionales, Gastos públicos

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar los efectos de la apertura económica y la globalización sobre la estructura del gasto público provincial en la Argentina. En particular, resultan de interés los efectos sobre el gasto social y sus componentes como expresión del Estado de bienestar. La mayor parte de la literatura se ha ocupado de identificar esta relación a nivel de países y un aspecto novedoso de este trabajo es la extensión del análisis al sector subnacional. Otra contribución es la estimación de un índice de globalización provincial adaptada del índice KOF propuesto por Dreher (2006). Se estima un modelo dinámico mediante el método generalizado de momentos en diferencias, utilizando un panel de datos para las 24 jurisdicciones de la Argentina para el período 1993-2010. Los resultados indican que la apertura y la globalización de la economía impactan negativamente en la participación del gasto social, resultado esperable desde el punto de vista del efecto "eficiencia" versus el efecto "compensación", aunque hay indicios de políticas compensatorias del gasto en educación.

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